Contents
In this article, we will take a look at:
- What is hyperthyroidism?
- How does hyperthyroidism occur?
- Who is prone to hyperthyroidism?
- Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
- Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism
- Complications of a hyperthyroidism
- Treatment for hyperthyroidism
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What is hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism is a condition that affects the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland just below the voice box. It produces hormones such as triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) that are responsible for metabolism and many other functions. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by the excessive production of these hormones by the thyroid gland. This is not a life-threatening disorder but should not be taken lightly. Left untreated it can put a lot of strain on the heart and other internal organs.
How does hyperthyroidism occur?
A number of factors can trigger hyperthyroidism. The most common causes of this condition is an autoimmune disorder called Graves’ disease. This disease produces antibodies that stimulate the excessive production of hormones by the Thyroid Gland. Other causes for Hyperthyroidism include:
- Excessive Iodine levels
- Inflammation of the Thyroid gland
- Tumors in the Ovaries or Testes
- Benign tumors in the pituitary gland or thyroid gland
- Excessive consumption of tetraiodothyronine
Who is prone to hyperthyroidism?
You could be at risk of developing hyperthyroidism if:
- you are over the age of 60 years
- you have been pregnant recently
- you have an autoimmune disease
- you have a family history of autoimmune diseases or thyroid disorders
- you have had a goiter
- you have had surgery earlier for a thyroid issue
- you consume high amounts of iodine
- Women have a higher risk of hyperthyroidism as compared to men.
What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism? How is hyperthyroidism diagnosed?
The symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:
- sudden unexplained weight loss
- increased heartbeat
- increase in appetite
- nervousness and irritability
- anxiety
- excessive sweating
- tremors
- increased sensitivity to heat
- changes in menstrual patterns
- increased frequency of bowel movements
- enlarged thyroid gland
- tiredness and weakness in the muscles
- insomnia
- thinning of skin
- brittle hair
Diagnosis
If the doctor suspects hyperthyroidism, he will first conduct a thorough physical examination and understand the patient’s family history of hyperthyroidism. A blood test will be conducted to measure the levels of TSH and thyroxine in the body. A thyroid scan and a radioiodine uptake test may also be conducted.
What are the complications of a hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism can lead to a number of complications. This includes
- Heart trouble such as congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation
- Brittle bones
- Eye problems such as increased sensitivity to light, bulging eyes, and double vision
- Loss of sight
- Swelling and redness of the skin
- Thyrotoxic crisis
- In the case of pregnant women, hyperthyroidism can cause complications in the pregnancy. This includes:
- Miscarriage in the first trimester
- Premature delivery
- Stillbirth
- Maternal heart failure
What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism does not usually go away on its own. There are many ways to treat hyperthyroidism. The ideal form of treatment depends on factors such as the patient’s age, overall health, underlying cause and severity of the condition. Medication is a common form of treatment. This may need to be taken for a year or more. Beta-blockers may be prescribed to relieve some of the symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism. Consumption of radioactive iodine can help relieve the symptoms and reduce the size of the thyroid gland. In some severe cases, surgery may be suggested to remove part of the thyroid gland. In such cases, thyroid hormone replacement medication may need to be taken after the surgery.
Questions answered by trusted doctors
Did you know?
Thyroid disorder in India
Almost one in every 3 Indians suffers from a thyroid disorder
Hyperthyroidism in Women
Hyperthyroidism affects 1 in every 500 pregnant women
Smart Watch to indicate hyperthyroidism
Smart watches that measure heart rate can help indicate hyperthyroidism
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If the patient is pregnant the line of management is different initially PTU for first triimester and 2nd and 3rd trimester methimzole can be given. But close monitoring of Thyroid hormones and Cbp and Lft Is to done; As the sideeefect are highly
In non pregnant Usually Carbamizole group of drugs are given... but you have to have a check on your Hemogram and Liver parameters as when doctor advises.. If you have multinodular goitre or Toxic nodular goitre or solitary nodule or Graves hyperthyroidism then Thyroid hormones are first normalised with medication and later if you require RAI treatment or surgery will be decided by your doctor.