Cervical Cancer Prevention Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of cervix (Lower most part of uterus). It is the second most common cause of cancer mortality in India. It is huge public health crisis for India, as 1 Indian women loses her life to cervical cancer every 8 minutes. This suffering is unacceptable particularly as cervical cancer is largely preventable. It is a cancer which is curable & preventable with early deduction and proper treatment. As per a study conducted in India 41%of women are not aware of cervical screening test(PAP SMEAR – Test, for more information can refer to previous article written by me).The most important thing you can do to prevent cervical cancer.
What is HPV Vaccination?
As per WHO most of the cervical cancer is caused by Human Papilloma Virus(HPV). HPV transmission is influenced by sexual activity and age. Almost 75% of all sexually active adults are likely to be infected with at least 1 HPV type. However, Majority of them resolves spontaneously and minority <1% HPV infection progress to cancer. 2 Types of vaccines (Gardasil, Cervarix) against HPV licensed globally and available in India. If the vaccine is given to the girls before sexual exposure between 9-14 years it is more than 99% effective in preventing cervical cancer and also genital warts and other cancers caused by the same virus. This is given by intra muscular injection given in three doses with interval depending upon the vaccine types. It can be simultaneously given along with other vaccines. At present no data on booster doses. Side Effects: No serious vaccine related adverts events have been reported, as the vaccine does not contain live virus. Most common side effects can be local pain, swelling and redness in the injection side. Vaccine should be deferred in any acute illness. Not recommended in pregnancy. Vaccine can be given in breastfeeding women.
Should we continue cervical screening (PAP SMEAR) even after vaccination?
Vaccines are not 100% protective against the cervical cancer and not a replacement for periodical screening. Whom should we vaccinate?
What is the ideal time?
Vaccination can be given to the females as young as 9 years as well as in those aged 13 -26 years Ideally before the sexual exposure. We all work together to prevent cervical cancer by primary prevention(HPV vaccination) and by secondary prevention(PAP SMEAR)and spread the information to create more awareness.